Women in Indian Society

私は、よく見ているので、私はインドの社会における女性の条件の誇りよりも小さいです。私は私の心を話すことをこの文書の執筆時点でプラットフォームを取り上げ、それは私がインド社会におけるジェンダーバイアスについて書くときに、やっているまさにです。インド社会における女性の役割の変化はまだ特定のセクションはまだジェンダーバイアスひどいの匂い、今日、多くの成功した女性は明らかです。私はこのことから私を遮蔽するため、私に私の翼を与えてくれた両親に感謝します。
ジェンダーバイアスが深くインド社会に根ざしている。実際には、年間では、好評をモンスーン型のように、壁や柱を介して浸透した。そして、誰もこの事実を変更することができます、私は個人的なレベルで試みたが、無残に失敗しました。私はそれを非常に存在とインドの女性差別の成長を促進する女性、ということですインド社会におけるジェンダーバイアスとこのarticle.The問題で、インド社会における女性の条件は、上のいくつかのポイントを強調表示されます。同情は彼らもインド社会における女性の状態が悪いということがわかっていない、ということです。のいくつかの家庭examples.Iを見てみましょう、全国ジェンダーバイアスを忘れてそれを私の母見てきましたが、私はできないということを知って（というか、することができますがしません）。社会的機能やお祝いの機会があるたびに、私は、抑圧された自己が、女性の能力で開いている口の衝撃を感じています。 二万人（超誇張されていること）とディナーに招待されるすべての女性が万一のものが準備をして、朝から、台所で自分自身を梱包いたします。男性は、まあ、彼らは用事を行う、またはお客様とチャット出てきますよ。私は苦いを鳴らすことができる知っているが、私は強く、これは間違っていると感じるので、私は気にしない。あなたはどうだろう？私は時々、これらの女性は、すべての料理や掃除をお祭り気分の中を楽しむことができるのだろう。インド社会における女性の役割が単独でスムーズに実行している家庭用機械を保持油、そのなっている。これは、料理、清掃されていることを女性は、これらすべての年忙しかったのですが、これは変更times.Some世帯変更されていない彼らは料理がケータリングを行うには採用のため、進行され、（育児を忘れてはならない）ハウスキーピング。しかし、またして、家庭の女性は伝統的なインドの階層内の客をもてなすためにアウト、一日限り、進んでください。家長とそれ以上の年齢の男性は、中学男子は、家長とそれ以上の年齢の女性と最後に後輩の女性。貧しい女性は、ランチに過去のお茶の時間を食べてしまう。私はまっすぐに、正直言って誰もが、これは公正なシステムであることを、点滅せずに立つことができるだろうか。 それを正当化する、実際には、そのインドの多くは、悲しいけれど本当です。これらは単に私がドレスコードを忘れることができます女性のjob.Howている私は、これらの雑用に役立ちます男を満たすために、まだです。インドでは多くの家族がサリーは、すべての特別な行事で、女性が着用することを主張している。私はそれのためにすべてを午前中に、私は強制を嫌う。女性は彼女が権利を有するので、彼女が着て欲しいものを着用してください。多く立ち上がって、と言って、この文に疑問を彼女はスカートをはいて来る場合はどうすれば'私はそれを容認していませんが、私はまだそれは彼女の右と選択されていることを信じています。私は、男性は一部の高齢者の女性が立ち上がるときに、これは、カスタムされていることを、我々もそれをやったのためなどがありますことを行う必要があるという？私は、特にそれを嫌う腰布を着用して強制的に誰も表示されません。さらに悪いことに、彼らはあなたは女性が生まれたので、これを行う必要があることを言うときです。これはインドの女性であることの悲しい皮肉です。ではないのだ、待ってください。男の子の束とクリケットやlingoesを再生するの女児が許可されない家族は、まだありません。なぜですか？何が間違っている。彼女は、彼女をされていない再生している！彼女をしよう彼女の友人、彼女のゲーム、彼女のキャリアと彼女の男を選択すると、彼女はそれに値する。あなたの娘さんはとする。彼女は投獄さ保持フェンスてはいけません。 セット彼女の自由と、彼女はあなたに彼女が逝去日まで、彼女の誕生右から、延々と、ために行くことができるproud.Theリストを作成する、インドの女性は、インド社会の女性差別に直面している。権利とインド社会における女性の地位は、世界標準と比較すると本当に悪いです。不思議に思う、ときに女性が強い強豪、機会を提供されている場合、家庭のしきい値を超えて物事を達成することができるという事実に人々が目覚める。私の個人的な意見は、インドの女性があらゆる分野でインドの男性を乗り越えることができるということです。それが今、現実になれば、私は女性がこのような社会的役割の反転時より思いやりのあることを確信しています。

crime victims and children

The Advocacy Center for Crime Victims and Children is a resource that stands ready to walk with survivors on their journey of healing. Safe, professional, confidential, services are available for victims and their friends and families.Many people are hurting because of an act of violence committed against them. Anyone - men, women, and children may be affected by violence. Our children are subjected to neglect, physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Research shows as many as 1 in 4 girls will be victims of sexual abuse by the time they are 18-years-old. For boys, the number is 1in 6. Often the abuse is a “family secret” passed from one generation to another. There is hope and restoration at the Advocacy Center.

The Advocacy Center for Crime Victims and Children began in 1976 as the Waco Rape Crisis Center. It has grown into an umbrella agency with three programs –Children’s Advocacy Center (CAC), Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) and The Victims Center –offering many services to the hurting in our community.

stay safe your children

Sometimes when people get older, or they develop diseases like Parkinson’s, their hands can tend to shake. They may go to hug someone around the shoulders and may accidentally touch inappropriate places. Inappropriate touching while playing touch football, water sport, or other activity has been known to happen. It might not be with intent to harm, but accidents can occur. What if you are dating someone and your child does not like them? It will take some effort on your part to determine if your child is just jealous or resentful, or if something is really wrong. Never make your child hug or kiss them if they do not feel like it.This is not something to shield yourself or your children from. The world can be a dangerous place and you all need to pay attention to what is happening around you. Taking the time to talk to your children could save their lives.I would like to recommend two sections in BellaOnline for continued reading. For more on the Lindbergh kidnapping, please visit the Today in History section. For more on child safety, please visit the Missing and Exploited Children section.

Be with your children

Play games with your children to see what they remember about people that they just met. See how good their memory is and keep practicing. Should something happen, it would be good to have an accurate description of the person in question.If a person is in a car, trying to attract your childs attention, have your child stay more than an arms length away from the car. Remember, people have been known to get out of their cars to grab a child.Should your child ever say that a grownup is making them feel uncomfortable, or that they don’t enjoy being around someone, find out why. Encourage your child to talk to you about such matters. It doesn’t have to be a bad reason; perhaps they just don’t like the perfume or cologne someone is wearing. Do not force the child to be around whoever makes them uncomfortable, even if it is a relative. Never force them to hug or kiss anyone that makes them feel uncomfortable, again, even if it is a relative.

about children problem

There is absolutely no guarantee in this world that it will never happen to your child, or any child that you know. The rest of this article contains information that may help you and your child prevent this from happening to your family. It is by no means inclusive of all preventive measures and safety tips, but it is somewhere to start.Make sure your child knows your full phone number, not just “memory 1”. Have a full body shot and a face shot taken of your child every six months to ensure that you have a current picture in case it is ever necessary. Have your child fingerprinted and otherwise able to be identified. There are many programs to look into that provide those services.Be aware of the friends your child hangs out with. Get to know them and meet their parents. Visit their house, and let them visit yours. The more you work together with your children’s friends and their parents, the better. Form your own neighborhood watch team. Encourage the children to participate by watching for strangers or strange cars parked in the area.

children's crime

History is full of children who kill their parents. Some cases are famous and spend months in the news and some are not so newsworthy. Newsworthy or not, it doesn’t take from the fact that parricide is a spreading cancer within today’s adolescents and has been for over a century. From Lizzie Borden to the Menendez brothers, there are many reasons why kids kill their parents. Although Lizzie Borden was acquitted of the murders, it is said that she suffered from petit mal seizures during her menstrual cycle and may have killed her parents unwittingly. The Menendez brothers claimed that they were physically abused. It is reported that there are actually three types of children who commit parricide. One type of child suffers from mental illness. Another is the physically and emotionally abused child that is pushed to the breaking point and the third type is the precariously antisocial child. Unlike adult children who kill their parents, the adolescent child who is abused is basically trapped in the home with the parents. Adult children can move away or just simply leave their abusive homes but adolescent and preadolescent children cannot. They can run away but to where? The streets? A relative’s house? Running away is against the law and when caught by law enforcement, the children are usually return to the abusive home and since they ran away, the abuse will likely to increase because they are disobedient. It’s this constant abuse that could cause a child to snap and commit parricide.

children crime (parent)

What about the mentally ill child? How can a mentally ill child be held responsible for parricide if they are not in their right mind and don’t know what they are doing? It is said that Lizzie Borden, if she did indeed kill her parents, did so while suffering from petit mal epileptic seizures. These children may not be held legally responsible for their actions, so to speak, but they can be institutionalized or hospitalized for the rest of their lives as they are deemed mentally unfit to stand trial or be held responsible for their actions. Then there is the antisocial child. One who kills their parents because they are not allowed to drive the car or cannot access their trust funds until the parent is dead. This is the most dangerous type as they have no regard for human life and are only concerned with how they can benefit from something like parricide. They are also the type that the media loves to write about and sell their mediums with, case in point, the Menendez brothers. Lyle and Erik Menendez spent many, many months in the news and are household names today because of it. A Psychology Today report states that parricide is almost a daily event and in fact, between 1977 and 1986 more than three hundred parents were killed by their children every year. The report also stated that this typical killer is a white male between the ages of 12 and 17.

Auditory Processing Disorder hearing problem in children

A new area of current research is auditory processing disorder (APD). Children with APD do not recognise subtle differences between sounds and words, and poor auditory processing is associated with poor verbal reasoning and reduced cochlear function.
"Listening problems are thought to underlie many learning problems in children, but at the moment we know very little about what contributes to those problems. This is why we're looking into the field and developing a battery of tests to diagnose APD in children," says Dave Moore, director of the MRC Institute of Hearing Research. According to Professor Moore, APD affects approximately 2 to 3 per cent of the population.
The institute is currently conducting a major study involving 1,600 children. Professor Moore says: "By the end of the year we should have clear recommendations on how to diagnose the condition and we'll then turn our attention to management strategies."

Sensori-neural deafness problem in children

It is not always possible to identify a cause of sensori-neural loss, which is permanent and results from problems in the inner ear or auditory nerve. It can be a result of an infection or medications taken during pregnancy (eg ototoxic drugs). When the cause is post-natal it may be due to measles, meningitis or mumps during early childhood. A head injury or loud noise exposure may also damage hearing.
This type of hearing loss is usually treated with a hearing aid or, if the loss is very profound, a cochlear implant. Says Dr Dighe: "This is usually accompanied by a rehabilitation process, whereby someone works with the child and the family to aid language development and perception of things in everyday life."

Glue ear problem in children

The most common type of conductive deafness in children - when sound cannot pass efficiently through the outer and middle ear to the cochlea and auditory nerve - is caused by glue ear (otitis media). The middle ear becomes clogged with mucus that fails to clear within three months, and this affects about one in five children at any time, according to the National Deaf Children's Society (NDCS).
Numerous conditions can influence glue ear, such as colds and flu, allergies and passive smoking. According to the NDCS, children with cleft lip and plate, or with genetic conditions such as Down's Syndrome, are more likely to get glue ear as they may have smaller eustachian tubes. But it can also develop unnoticed.
The resulting hearing loss from glue ear is usually moderate, but it can affect growth of language skills. "The peak time for getting glue ear is between the ages of two and five," says Dr Dighe.
A simple ear examination can diagnose glue ear and often a course of antibiotics is sufficient. If it fails to clear, then the fluid may be drained and grommets (tiny plastic tubes) can be inserted into the eardrum to allow air to circulate in the middle ear. Hearing aids are also sometimes used.

Hearing problems in children

Even when babies are screened shortly after birth (using an otoacoustic emission test) and have a normal result, hearing difficulties may arise subsequently - and they may not always be obvious.
"The first indication of a problem usually has something to do with the young child not paying attention when spoken to, and it's typically the mother or main carer who notices this," says Adrian Dighe, chairman of British Paediatricians in Audiology. "Children under the age of three often have problems with speech delay.
"Older children may not realise you are speaking to them unless they are looking directly at your lips. They may have particular difficulty making out words when there is background noise."
In most cases, pharmacists will need to refer children with hearing problems to either a paediatric community audiology service or an ENT centre (via the GP). Pharmacists can, though, help parents to diagnose more minor problems, such as excess earwax.
Says Dr Dinghe: "If the child has any dark brown fluid in their ears, then it's probably wax. If it's yellow, then it's probably pus and the child should see their GP. Pharmacists can also help to advise with upper respiratory tract infections."

Street Children of Nepal

Although the majority of the population still live in rural areas and derive their livelihood from agriculture the pressure of change including population growth, declining fertility of farmland and the pressures of globalisation has seen a significant and rapid rise in the numbers living in cities. Currently an estimated 38% of the population is aged under 14 years and the pressure of change falls heavily on this age group and this has resulted in significant levels of child migration. Children move away from their homes for a variety of reasons including the death of one or both parents, poverty, illiteracy, domestic abuse and the perceived attractions of city life. Many of these children find themselves living on the streets in urban areas and attempt to earn money in marginal economic activities such as collecting rags, shining shoes, dishwashing in hotels, pulling carts and rickshaws and begging. Trafficking of children also occurs with children being ‘recruited’ often for an exchange of money.

These children will often then be used for domestic labour, carpet weaving and a variety of other jobs. They and their families are lured by promises of good employment but the reality is very different with very low pay, if any at all, and harsh living and working conditions.

Street Children of Nepal

Although the majority of the population still live in rural areas and derive their livelihood from agriculture the pressure of change including population growth, declining fertility of farmland and the pressures of globalization has seen a significant and rapid rise in the numbers living in cities. Currently an estimated 38% of the population is aged under 14 years and the pressure of change falls heavily on this age group and this has resulted in significant levels of child migration. Children move away from their homes for a variety of reasons including the death of one or both parents, poverty, illiteracy, domestic abuse and the perceived attractions of city life. Many of these children find themselves living on the streets in urban areas and attempt to earn money in marginal economic activities such as collecting rags, shining shoes, dish washing in hotels, pulling carts and rickshaws and begging. Street children are highly vulnerable to exploitation and sexual abuse.
Trafficking of children also occurs with children being ‘recruited’ often for an exchange of money. These children will often then be used for domestic labor, carpet weaving and a variety of other jobs. They and their families are lured by promises of good employment but the reality is very different with very low pay, if any at all, and harsh living and working conditions.

Medicalization and Culture

Defining deviant behavior in reductionist and medical language is believed to be a product of rationality-based Western cultures that are industrialized (or post-industrial), bureaucratic, generally secularized, and rooted in individualism, and is rare in non-Western, pre-industrial cultures (Conrad 1992). Medicalization refers to the process by which non-medical conditions become defined and treated as medical problems, usually in terms of illnesses and disorders (Conrad 1992). In short, medicalization is the process that awards jurisdiction of behavioral and social problems to the medical institution.
Using a medical rubric to frame social and behavior problems has a number of important implications and has been of concern to social scientists for many years. The main criticism of the medicalization process relevant to this study centers on the ways in which the medical model decontexualizes social problems and individual behavior (Waitzkin 1993). Classifying behavior and social conditions as an expression of illness is criticized as overly reductionistic and removes the social environment from having any influence on the condition. Bio-reductionism disallows not only social, economic, and political environmental factors in shaping behavior and social conditions, but also absolves them from responsibility for deviance. Because they are "ill," individuals' accountability for deviance is also removed by medicalization in that deviant acts are considered to be the behaviors of unwilling actors. Consequently, solutions to thus labeled personal and social problems rest in a medical technique that is believed to ameliorate the problem. The context in which that problem initially formed resists critical assessment, however.
This model has been successfully cultivated in the West where lay thought generally assumes that deviance occurs because of an individual defect or innate quality (Grieg 1996) that is amenable to rational, and individual-centered, treatment (Kirk 1972).

Medicalization in Nepal (Illness Behavior in a Developing Country.)

With the modernization of developing societies, scholars, academics, and activists are concerned about the effects of Westernization and how people in these societies see the world and develop a sense of meaning in light of the rapid and often broad-sweeping social and cultural changes. As nonindustrial societies adopt the artifacts and systems characteristic of Western cultures, concerns have been raised regarding their impact on the consciousness, perceptions, and ideologies of people in these societies. In this regard, it is important to consider how the introduction of Western technologies, taste expressions (e.g., music), and social organizations (e.g., bureaucratic organization) influence people's consciousness, and their sense of themselves.
Modernization is framed, typically, in terms of the increasing rationalization of traditional cultures. Whereas traditional cultures generally orient meaning through religion, myth, and traditional value-based knowledge, Western cultures are more likely to require knowledge to be justified in terms of principles, procedures, and outcomes within the context of bureaucratic organization, scientific logic, and goal-based achievement. Social systems and behavior in developing countries are often transformed by the application of rational designs that are introduced by Western-oriented agencies. As a society follows a rationalized model for development, there is a general tendency for all institutions, and most areas of life, to be affected.
One important issue of Western rationalization concerns the possible changes to the process of serf-definition, defining one's self from the perspective of the traditional culture in which one was born versus a perspective influenced by Western ideas and values. Although there is considerable variation, the non-Western notion of sense of self is generally rooted in a higher degree of embeddedness of the self in society.

Disaster concerned in Nepal

Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee has been constituted under the Chairmanship of the Home Minister in order to formulate and implement the policies and programmes related to the natural disaster relief work and to undertake other necessary measures related thereof. The Central Committee may constitute Relief and Treatment Sub-Committee and Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee which provide necessary advice and suggestions to the Central Committee to help execute policies and directives of the Central Committee and operate effectively the rescue, relief and rehabilitation work during a very serious and huge natural disaster. The working procedures of the Relief and Treatment Sub-Committee and the Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee may be managed by themselves. However, the functions, duties and responsibilities of the two Sub-Committees shall be as specified by the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee.
The Central Natural Disaster Committee plays vital role in disaster management in Nepal. The main functions and duties of the Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee are: to recommend to His Majesty's Government to declare the areas affected as the disaster area, to formulate the national policy regarding the relief work including the rehabilitation of the victims and the reconstruction in the areas affected by natural disaster etc. and for the control and prevention of natural disaster and the advance preparation thereof and to prepare the programmes in accordance with the said policy and submit it to His Majesty's Government, to keep the money, food stuff, clothes, medicines, construction materials and other goods received within the Kingdom of Nepal and from outside as aid or donation under the Central Natural Disaster Aid Fund and to send such goods in the affected area, to associate the social organisations in relief work and to coordinate the activities of those organisations, to form groups and send them to area to assist in relief work, to give direction to the district committee and local committee on the matters relating to relief work, to perform the works specified by His Majesty's Government for the execution of natural disaster relief work, to submit progress report of work to His Majesty's Government from time to time.

Disaster Management in Nepal

The advent of Natural Disaster Relief Act, 1982 A.D. there was no well-structured disaster management policy in Nepal. Prior to 1982 A.D. relief and rescue works were carried out as the social works only. It has already been amended twice in 1989 A.D. and 1992 A.D.
Natural Disaster Relief Act, 1982 A.D. defines Natural Disaster Relief Work as any relief work to be carried out in the area affected or likely to be affected by the natural disaster in order to remove the grief and inconvenience caused to the people, to rehabilitate the victims of the natural disaster, to protect the public property and life and property of the people, to control and prevent the natural disaster and to make advance preparation thereof.
However, Natural Disaster Relief Regulations could not yet be formulated and due to which Natural Disaster Relief Act could not be fully effective as Natural Disaster Relief Act, 1982 does not describe the duties and responsibilities of all the disaster management related agencies other than the Ministry of Home Affairs. So duties and responsibilities of various other disaster management agencies have to be reflected in Natural Disaster Relief Regulations as each and everything could not be stipulated in the Natural Disaster Relief Act. According to Natural Disaster Relief Act, 1982 there has been a provision for the formation of Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee.
Furthermore, there is also the provision of a Relief and Treatment Sub-Committee, Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee, Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committees, District Natural Disaster Relief Committees and Local Natural Disaster Relief Committees. Relief and Treatment Sub-Committee, Supply, Shelter and Rehabilitation Sub-Committee shall be activated in the time of very serious and huge natural disasters while Central Disaster Relief Committee and District Disaster Relief Committee are active all the time. Recently, Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee have been formulated in all five Regional administrators' offices under the chairmanship of the regional administrators.

social problems affecting child welfare

An estimated 905,000 children were victims of child abuse or neglect in 2006 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2008). While physical injuries may or may not be immediately visible, abuse and neglect can have consequences for children, families, and society that last lifetimes, if not generations.
The impact of child abuse and neglect is often discussed in terms of physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences. In reality, however, it is impossible to separate them completely. Physical consequences, such as damage to a child's growing brain, can have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problems often manifest as high-risk behaviors. Depression and anxiety, for example, may make a person more likely to smoke, abuse alcohol or illicit drugs, or overeat. High-risk behaviors, in turn, can lead to long-term physical health problems such as sexually transmitted diseases, cancer, and obesity.
This factsheet provides an overview of some of the most common physical, psychological, behavioral, and societal consequences of child abuse and neglect, while acknowledging that much crossover among categories exists.

Tantrism

Both Hinduism and Buddhism in Nepal have been strongly influenced by the beliefs and practices of Tantrism. " Tantra" is a Sanskrit word referring to the basic warp of threads in weaving. Difficult to define due to its varying types and forms, Trantrism is a religion of moral percepts, meditation, yoga, mantras and a philosophy that believes in interwovenness of all things.

Tantrism has greatly influenced Nepalese Buddhism by creating the path of Vajrayana, the Path of the Thunderbolt. The main object used in Vajrayana Buddhist rituals is a small thunderbolt-like sceptre that is said to represent the infinite in three dimensions. A large thunderbolt, or Vajra as it is commonly referred to, can be seen at the entrance of Swayambhu temple at Katmandu on the top of a long flight steps.

There are basically two types of Tantric gods and goddesses: Dharmapalas and Yidams. The former is often depicted with flaming red hair, several arms, legs or heads and three eyes. Yidams are tutelary deities often found depicted in thangkas; like their Dharmapala counterparts, they are ferocious deities with many hands and fiercesome weapons.

Buddhism

Beliefs and practices of Buddhism in Nepal date back to the time of its founder, Prince Siddhartha Gautam who was born in Lumbini in the southern Terai region of the country in about 543 B.C. Up to the age of twenty-nine, the young prince led a very sheltered life in the royal palace of his father, completely unaware of the problems and suffering of everyday life outside of the palace walls.
One day, he convinced his charioteer to take him outside the palace and was shocked at the sight of an old man, a cripple and a corpse. The realization that there was much misery and unhappiness in the world persuaded the prince to abandon his luxurious life in the royal palace in order to search for enlightenment and the real meaning of life.
For many years, Gautam wandered from place to place looking for a solution to the problems he saw all around him. Finally, while meditating under a Pipal tree, he became spiritually enlightened. Henceforth known as Lord Buddha or the " the enlightened one," began to preach the "Four Noble Truths" to all who would listen. According to this doctrine, people suffer because of their attachment to things and people; in other words, the root of all the problems is desire. These desires and consequently, all problems and sufferings, can be totally eliminated by following the "eightfold path"-right views, right intent, right speech, right conduct, right livelihood, right effort right mindfulness an right meditation.
Buddha journeyed from place to place, teaching and converting hundreds of followers and died at the age of eighty. However, his many disciples continued spreading his teachings. At the same time Buddhism splitted into two main schools of thought: Hinayana and Mahayana. The Followers of Hinayana do not worship idols of Buddha as the enlightened prince taught against idolatory. Very few other Nepalese Buddhists have adopted the Hinayana school of thought, choosing rather to follow Mahayana teachings. One of the central beliefs of Mahayanists is that one can achieve nirvana by following the example of Bodhisattvas, Bodhi meaning enlightenment and Sattva meaning essence.

Hinduism

It seems that the first people to set foot in the ancient Nepal were Aryans. The Aryans' basic beliefs are recorded in the Vedas, a collection of over one thousand religious hymns that were to form the foundation of the polytheistic religion of Hinduism.
Hinduism has a basic trinity of three gods-Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver and Shiva the Destroyer. Most Hindus, while revering Brahma, do not usually include his worship in religious ceremonies as his role in the universe is regarded to be essentially completed. Vishnu and Shiva, however, are very important to all the Nepalese Hindus.
Vishnu, whose primary duty is to assure the preservation of the world and all living forms, is believed to have visited the earth ten times as "avatars" or incarnations. He is also believed to have come to the earth as a Varaha, as Prince Rama, as the god Krishna and as Lord Gautam Buddha.
Shiva, the Destroyer, is believed to have three forms-Natraj the god of artistic skill, an anthropomorphic form and the Lingam form, the latter being the most famous Lingam is situated in the north-west of Katmandu. In front of any Shiva temple, one usually sees a statue of Nandi, the divine bull that serves as Shiva's vehicle. In anthropomorphic form, Shiva is depicted with his consort Parbati and usually holds a trident and a small drum. Another popular form of Shiva is terrifying Bhairav, who himself has a number of different forms.
Two of Vishnu's other incarnations- Rama and Krishna-are especially important to the Hindus. Rama and Krishna are the heroes of the classic Hindu epics Ramayana and Mahabharat respectively.
Another widely venerated god is Ganesh, one of the sons of Shiva. Ganesh is revered in Nepal as the god of wisdom and the deity responsible for deciding between success and failure.
In practice, the Nepalese Hindus may choose one particular god as a favorite deity to be worshipped daily, or more likely will give due deference to all the above-mentioned gods and goddesses, along with many other incarnations and deities. Nepal's many Hindu festivals are dedicated to dozens of different deities and are participated by all Hindus, as well as Buddhists.

Religion in Nepal

In Nepal, religion is not just a set of beliefs and accompanying rituals handed down from generation to generation; rather it is a complex intermingling of traditions, festivals, faiths and doctrines that have permeated every strata of Nepalese Society in such a way as to become the very heartbeat of the nation.

Nepal is famous, as the world's only Hindu Kingdom. However, it is an intricate and beautiful tapestry formed by the interweaving of Hinduism, Buddhism and other beliefs. Religious tolerance and harmony such as is found in Nepal, is perhaps a unique example to the world.

Nepal Civil War

In February 1996, one of the Maoist parties started a bid to replace the parliamentary monarchy with a so-called people's new democratic republic, through a Maoist revolutionary strategy known as the people's war, which has led to the Nepal Civil War. Led by Dr. Baburam Bhattarai and Pushpa Kamal Dahal (also known as "Prachanda"), the insurgency began in five districts in Nepal: Rolpa, Rukum, Jajarkot, Gorkha, and Sindhuli. The Maoists have declared the existence of a provisional "people's government" at the district level in several locations.
Since then, more than 12,000 people have died and currently 70% of Nepal's countryside is under Maoist rule. The Maoists run a parallel government in the areas they control, and support a 10,000-strong militia. On June 1, 2001, the Heir Apparent Crown Prince Dipendra went on a killing spree in the royal palace, a violent response to his parents' refusal to accept his choice of wife. He murdered his parents, King Birendra and Queen Aishwarya, his brother, sister, two uncles and three aunts, before shooting himself. Following the carnage, the throne was inherited by Birendra's brother Gyanendra.

Military history of Nepal

Pro- and anti-British factions in certain areas of Nepal had been vying for power since 1816. In 1846 the pro-British army leader Sir Jung Bahadur (1816–77) of the Rana family finally overthrew the Nepalese government and declared himself the prime minister. Like many dictatorships, Jung Bahadur's office was passed on through hereditary rather than valid elections. Jung Bahadur launched a successful military campaign in 1854 with the aim of invading Tibet. In 1856 Tibet signed a peace treaty which granted diplomatic and commercial rights to Nepal on the condition that Tibet continue to pay a yearly "tribute" to the Nepalese government.
Relations with Great Britain and World War I
Nepal aided Great Britain during the Sepoy Mutiny (1857–59) and during World War I. The British government in gratitude for Nepal's assistance declared the independence and sovereignty of Nepal to be genuine by the terms of a treaty concluded in 1923.
On September 4th, 1939 Nepal declared war on Germany in solidarity with the Allied Forces. Due to the undemocratic nature of Nepal's government, their national validity and respect was maintained by continuing healthy relations with Great Britain by rendering much needed military assistance as they had in World War I and the Sepoy Mutiny. Twelve regiments of Gurkha soldiers from Nepal were sent to fight in the British Indian Army. Although Britain has been recruiting Gurkha soldiers from Nepal since the 19th century, no effort was made to develop a centralized recruit-training system in the Brigade of Gurkhas throughout the pre Second World War era. As a result, recruiting training was conducted at the various Gurkha regimental training centres in India. After the end of the war, Nepal also established good diplomatic relations with the United States in 1948.

situation of rural area's children

They are having many problems. How to survive is main problem of this rural area's. A rural and an urban cohort of children (128 and 192, respectively) that had been followed by demographic surveillance since 1990 were identified and the relatives of these children interviewed. A control cohort of 808 individuals was also identified.
Although orphan children remained disadvantaged, there were few differences between surviving motherless and control children in nutritional status, use of health care services, school attendance, quality of housing, and clothing. Motherless children moved more frequently and were more likely to live in small families, often with an older grandmother.
The traditional extended family system appears to be capable of handling motherless children in a non-discriminatory fashion. However, the AIDS epidemic will continue to stress the extended family system and social services to the limit

Introduction of Nepali children

Nepal is an underdeveloped country suffering from many socio-economic problems and many years of political instability. Therefore it lacks the resources to provide social protection to its citizens. Women, children and other marginalized groups face a lot of social and economic difficulties in their lives. Thousands of children live on the streets of Kathmandu, millions work as child labourers and many millions more are without education and healthcare. Beyond this sadly common sector of risk, we found another place in our society where children’s rights are unprotected – in prison.
With any crime, when a father or mother are sent to prison their child faces many social problems. The family income stops, the other parent may remarry (leaving the child an outsider, subject to both physical and mental abuse) and often the family is viewed with suspicion in their community. In some cases, where the child has no other relatives to care for them (for example, where their father has run away or their mother was murdered by their father), dependent children are brought to prison with them. These innocent children are in prison having not committed any crime. Their rights to a safe environment, education and healthcare are not provided for. Children in prison are at risk of emotional and physical abuse.

Women Trafficking in Nepal

The Constitution of the Kingdom of Nepal has guarantee the right of equality to women, however discrimination and problems against women manifest in a number of ways in Nepal. Age-old patriarchal value system, social and cultural practices have crippled the women in many says. Women are treated as a commodity since a long-time. They are regarded as second-class citizen and discriminated against in social, cultural, economic and political fronts as well. They are so oppressed, exploited and dominated that they only play the stereotype role in the entire society. The trafficking of women is more serious and deep-rooted problem in Nepal........
It is estimated that more than 150,000 innocent rural women and girl children are trafficked to Indian brothels and cities alone for commercial sex. Numbers of girl children and women become victims of sexual abuse, including rape inside the country. Since the Rana's despotic family rule, rural girl children were brought to cities for their housework or midwife. As they grown up, they were being sexually exploited and in the past many among them were settled with their livelihood too. This practice lured the rural poor indigenous people to send their innocent girls for away even India for the purpose of housework. With the pace of time, the problem spread over acutely, chronically, inhumanly and barbarously. It is estimated that every year 5000 to 7000 Nepalese girl children are trafficked to India alone. These facts and factors made Nepal as a country of facing the acute women trafficking problems.

Migration of Nepalese Youth for Foreign Employment

A huge number of Nepalese workers go abroad to work in the absence of fruitful local employment opportunities. Migration is nothing new to Nepal, and the total stock of Nepalese nationals working overseas (excluding about one million in India) in different capacities is estimated to be about half a million (ILO-DFID 2002). The history of formal entrance of Nepalese citizens in foreign employment begins in 1814-1815 after the Nepal-British India war. A total of 4,650 Nepalese youngsters were recruited to the British armed forces as a British-Gurkha regiment. Similarly, the migration of Nepalese people for other employment purposes, such as working in the tea states of Darjeeling and the forest of Assam, began in the second half of the 19th century. Economic migration to the Middle East from South Asia and other parts of the world was spurred-on by the oil boom in the early 1970s. International labour migration, mostly to Gulf States, Malaysia and other South East Asian countries is a new phenomenon of migration in the Nepalese context with about a 30 year long history. Unexpectedly, foreign labour migration has developed in such a way that it has shifted the agricultural based economy towards remittance based economy. According to figures released by the government, there are more than 565,000 documented migrant workers abroad, whereas other estimated figures put the number at more than one million Nepali migrant workers including 100,000 female migrant workers. This figure does not include the population who migrated to IndiaThe reasons behind migration are almost same in Nepal as in other parts of the world. Poverty, limited employment opportunities, deteriorating agricultural productivity, and armed conflict are some of the motives behind international labour migration. There are many villages in Nepal where labour migration has been established as a culture of a community; that is, going abroad for work for awhile and returning with some money and the experience of living in a different geographical location. The influence of friends, relatives and well-wishers have also played a prominent role in the promotion of international labour migration. Ongoing armed conflict in the country has displaced people from their usual place of residence and the alternative means of employment for displaced youth has been established as foreign employment. The conflict has also limited development activities throughout the country and expansion of industries has ceased. This situation has created more difficulty in securing employment within the national borders and the final step of many people is to go abroad for employment. Though concrete research has yet to be conducted, the young people from conflict prone areas are compelled to leave for foreign employment to save their lives.So far in the Nepalese context, foreign labour occupation has developed as an emerging business. But the business has not remained a dignified profession at all. The reports about irregularities in foreign labour migration and problems faced by potential labour migrants before and after their departure for foreign employment are not properly addressed at the policy level. A migrant worker has to face numerous problems while he/she makes the decision to migrate for foreign employment. Most of the migrant workers are taking a blind decision to migrate for work without any consideration of actual income that he/she will receive in the country of destination. Similarly, he/she has to face the problem of finding sufficient money to go abroad and the only way to get money is through a loan with a high interest rate. The government, except some cases, does not offer special provisions to subsidize loan interest rates.Information is lacking in each and every step for potential labour migrants. Most of them are not aware of where they are going, what work they have to do, the actual cost they need to spend to go for work and other social and cultural information about the country of destination. As a result, there are numerous real stories of the suffering of Nepalese migrant workers abroad. Most of the migrant workers abroad are working in vulnerable situations without any effective legal protection by the Nepalese government or the receiving countries’ government. Workplace exploitation by foreign companies is well known but the Nepalese government has not adopted any specific labour diplomacy policies, except in some cases. While workers are not allowed to work in each and every country around the world, there are several serious cases about the pathetic situation of Nepalese migrants working in unauthorized countries without any legal or social protection by the host countries. The massacre of 12 Nepalese workers by an extremist group in Iraq on August 2004 can be taken as a good example of that. There are many other cases where illegal Nepalese workers are kept in prison for a long time on both fake and genuine charges. Nevertheless, the Nepalese government has not adopted proper political diplomacy to rescue them and assure their safe return to the homeland.

Domestic Violence against Women in Nepal

Women are the source of creation on the earth. A woman creates life, nurtures it, guards and strengthens it. In their task as mother they play a vital role in the development of society. When a woman is created out of fear and abuse, her pain is passed on to the next generation. When a woman is created out of strength and security, her love is her gift to all humankind.
Despite the above fact, women are abused in every sphere of society. Every day, women are battered, sexually harassed, abused, raped and psychologically tortured in the home, the workplace and the society. Domestic Violence against women starts at womb and remains up to tomb. The charisma of medical inventions has awarded the victimized to identify the female at womb and hence decide has become a major problem in modern Nepalese society. Boys are preferred to girls. There are many cases the girl baby is not welcomed by her parents, what to talk about the other members of the family.
Domestic violence against women in Nepal is not a myth, but a reality. It exists and exists everywhere in Nepalese society. There is no woman who has not suffered at one time or another harassment, humiliation, exploitation and violence that shadow her sex. Thus it looks strange that a companion in a man’s life from womb to tomb, in the role of mother, sister, lover, wife and daughter is the worst sufferer. It is a generally accepted psychological aspect that being out of the home is always potential threat to women hence due defensive or protective measures is taken by everyone. What will happen to women if she is ill-treated in her own house by her nearest and dearest? The interim constitution of Nepal has granted equal rights to all citizens of Nepal. But it is an irony that women are still in pathetic conditions. At home the teaching is such that girls are physically weak, they should not act as boy, they are protected by men, and they are made dependent of men. Women are kept in control since their childhood. They are not allowed to move freely, their wishes and goals are killed at childhood only. Since it has become customs and believes so most of the women take it as divine rule, and accepts all kind of discrimination and abuses. Domestic violence has long been considered a private matter by bystanders - including neighbors, the community and government. But such private matters have a tendency to become public tragedies. Nepalese society has a tendency to ignore domestic violence. The social response to domestic violence has always prevented women from talking about the violence they face at home. Also we tend to believe that domestic violence only refers to physical abuse of women and often ignore sexual, economic and mental form of violence being inflicted on them inside their homes. According to UNFPA, around the world, at least one in every three women has been beaten, coerced into sex, or abused in some other way–most often by someone she knows, including her husband or another family member. One woman in four has been abused during pregnancy. It is a great tragedy that for most abused women violence begins at home with fathers, brothers, uncles, husbands and in-laws. In a rich and a poor families alike, physical, sexual and psychological abuse within the family affects an astounding number of women. The brutality against women is reflected in popular cultures of the world.

Introduction of Our Society

Nepal is filled with many different types of people with unique lifestyles. Some of us live in cold climates in the mountains, others in hot climates in the Terai. Some of us work as farmers and others in offices. We speak dozens of languages and are from various ethnic backgrounds. Given that our country is so diverse, we need a government that respects the rights and needs of the many different people throughout the country, no matter their ethnicity, caste, gender, economic background, age or marital status. We need a government that allows everyone in the country to believe what they wish, practice any religion they want and express their own political opinions. We need a government that does not put the preferences of one group of people over another.
Democratic institutions can provide for this type of government. Democracy provides opportunities for the participation of citizens in the political process. Citizens of all backgrounds are encouraged to speak their minds and make demands on their government. Within a democracy, the citizens of the country are encouraged to help shape government policy.